X-ray fluorescence is a particularly versatile tool as it can be used to examine the composition of materials, yet can also be used for measuring the thickness of very thin metallic coatings. X-Ray ...

X-rays are electromagnetic radiations having wavelengths roughly within the range from 0.05 to 100 Angstroms. They were discovered in 1895 by Rontgen. Their similarities to light led to the tests of ...

What is Scanning X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Microscopy? Scanning X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Microscopy is a powerful analytical technique that enables the visualization and quantification of the elemental ...

X-ray fluorescence imaging and computed tomography represent a convergent approach that combines elemental sensitivity with high-resolution anatomical imaging. By utilising characteristic secondary ...

If you would like to learn more about the IAEA’s work, sign up for our weekly updates containing our most important news, multimedia and more. This manual provides practical and theoretical ...

There are no limits set to the recycling of metals because they can be remelted as scrap infinitely. Of course, metals have to be separated from nonmetallic impurities, and different metals have to be ...

X-rays, a type of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths from 0.01 to 10 nanometers, pack enough energy to pierce materials and interact with inner-shell electrons. 1 When they hit a sample, ...

X ray spectrometry techniques are nowadays widely used in many analytical applications. The different interactions of x rays with matter have served to provide useful information for comprehensive ...