Self-powered micropumps that are turned on by the presence of their respective substrates are formed from surface-immobilized, ATP-independent enzymes. Coupling substrate-sensing with transport ...

They proceed in one direction, then change direction randomly, and repeat. However, while bacteria orient towards the food supply, enzymes move to the direction of lesser substrate concentration.

The distance the enzymes moved depended on the concentration of the substrate solution the researchers pumped into the device: Higher concentrations, on average, caused greater enzyme diffusion.

Thus, enzymes are essential molecular tools of cells to produce their building blocks, but also to regulate their processes. Biological cells contain hundreds of different enzyme and substrate types.

Enzyme kinetics is the study of all the reactants in a specific reaction and is used to provide information about all living organisms.

The influence of substrate concentration on plasmid transfer frequency in the rhizosphere was investigated using a physical model employing a hollow fiber membrane instead of a real root. The absolute ...