The genetic code is a set of rules that defines how the four-letter code of DNA is translated into the 20-letter code of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins.

The synthetic bacteria contain a shorter genetic code with 57 codons rather than 64, freeing up space for further edits that might lead to new drugs or virus-resistant microbes ...

Scientists have used cryo-electron microscopy to visualize the recoding of the UGA stop codon to incorporate selenocysteine in mammals.

Despite awe-inspiring diversity, nearly every lifeform—from bacteria to blue whales—shares the same genetic code. How and when this code came about has been the subject of much scientific ...

This work establishes a versatile platform for expanding the genetic code in mammalian cells, paving the way for advanced protein engineering and functional studies in complex biological systems.

When scientists discovered DNA and its double-helix form, they had finally identified the molecules that contain every human’s unique genetic code. But determining how those instructions were ...

It took 12 years and $3bn to sequence the human genome and figure out the code in our DNA. These days, people can post off a blood sample and get information on their genetic inheritance for as ...

In a giant feat of genetic engineering, scientists have created bacteria that make proteins in a radically different way than all natural species do.