For several decades, the oil and gas industry has considered front-end loading (FEL) an essential best practice for assuring owners, when making the final investment decision (FID) on a capital ...
Chao, Raul O., Kenneth C. Lichtendahl, and Yael Grushka-Cockayne. "Incentives in a Stage-Gate Process." Production and Operations Management 23, no. 8 (August 2014): 1286–1298.
In 2000, BMW made a decision to explore using rapid manufacturing technologies for mass manufacturing of cars. The idea, in part, was that these technologies could open up scope for developing ...