When chemists want to determine the structure of a molecule, they typically turn to X-ray crystallography. But chemists often find they can’t grow the large, high-quality crystals required for ...

When you buy through links on our articles, Future and its syndication partners may earn a commission. An illustration of X-rays scattering off the valence electrons surrounding ammonia molecules ...

Back in 2010, crystallographer Tim Gruene heard a scientist from drugmaker Novartis say something that stuck with him. The pharmaceutical giant had amassed a collection of around 2 million small ...

For the first time, scientists visualized how electrons behave during a chemical reaction, which could help reduce unwanted byproducts in future chemistry. When you purchase through links on our site, ...