Medieval Warfare, Vol. 5, No. 5, THEME: Naval warfare and piracy in the middle ages (NOV / DEC 2015), pp. 49-52 (4 pages) Although firearms are usually associated with modern warfare, they are in fact ...

These are just some of the marvelous inventions of the 12th-century Muslim inventor Ismail al-Jazari, who laid the groundwork for modern engineering, hydraulics, and even robotics.