The binding of adrenaline to an adrenergic receptor initiates a cascade of reactions inside the cell. The signal transduction cascade begins when adenylyl cyclase, a membrane- bound enzyme ...

How cells sense and respond to chemical messages -- a process known as signal transduction -- is a fundamental force in biology, controlling key processes such as cell growth and immune response ...

BRs are perceived extracellularly by plasma membrane receptor-like kinases that activate an interconnected signal transduction cascade, leading to the transcriptional regulation of BR-responsive genes ...