Start and stop codons are the essential molecular "punctuation marks" in mRNA that dictate the beginning and end of protein synthesis. The start codon (typically AUG) initiates translation and codes for methionine, while three stop codons (UAA, UAG, UGA) signal the ribosome to terminate protein assembly. Start Codon (AUG) Function: Signals the start of translation and establishes the reading frame. Amino Acid: Codes for methionine (Met) in eukaryotes and formyl-methionine in prokaryotes. Recogni
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